You will need only a single Raspberry Pi Pico for this demo. The state machines within the PIOs operate independently from the main CPU, so these emulated peripherals can communicate with external devices concurrently with the main program. We can use the PIO instances to emulate advanced peripherals that are not on the chip, such as SD card interface, CAN Bus, WS2812b driver, and so on. State machines also have access to FIFOs (to transfer data to/from main system memory/CPU), all GPIOs on the RP2040, and some interrupts that can be used to synchronize the execution of the other state machines or main CPU. Each RP2040 has 2 PIO instances, and each instance is capable of executing instructions, much like a small, very limited microcontroller.Ĭhapter 3 of the RP2040 Datasheet gives the best overview of the internal workings of the PIO.Įach PIO instance has 4 “state machine.” A state machine (in this case) is similar to a tiny processor capable of executing assembly instructions stored in shared PIO memory. PIO is a special, on-chip peripheral uniquely developed for the Raspberry Pi RP2040.
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